Spinal stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to compression of the spinal cord and nerves. This narrowing can occur in any region of the spine and may cause various neurological deficits. Understanding the causes and symptoms of spinal stenosis is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis can be classified as congenital (present at birth) or acquired due to various factors. Here are some common causes:

1. Aging: As we age, the body undergoes natural degenerative changes. The discs may lose hydration and height, and the ligaments can thicken, narrowing the spinal canal.
2. Thickening of Ligaments: The ligamentum flavum, a ligament in the spine, may thicken over time, contributing to the narrowing of the canal.
3. Bone Spurs: Osteophytes or bone spurs can develop on the vertebrae, protruding into the spinal canal and causing compression.
4. Disc Bulges or Herniations: Intervertebral discs may bulge or herniate into the spinal canal, exerting pressure on nearby nerves.
5. Enlarged Facet Joints: Facet joints, which allow for spinal movement, may enlarge and encroach upon the spinal canal.
6. Compression Fractures: Fractures of the vertebrae can lead to structural changes that narrow the canal.
7. Cyst Formation: Cysts may form on the facet joints, causing compression of the spinal sac and nerves.
8. Tumors: Tumors that grow within or near the spinal canal can lead to stenosis.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of spinal stenosis can vary based on the location and severity of the narrowing. Common signs include:

• Calf and Leg Pain: Many patients experience pain and fatigue when walking, standing, or lying flat, which often eases when flexing the spine or sitting.
• Numbness and Tingling: Nerve compression may cause numbness or tingling in the legs and feet.
• Weakness: Patients might notice weakness or lack of coordination in the lower extremities.
• Muscle Spasms and Back Pain: Frequent muscle spasms and persistent back pain can occur.
• Bowel and Bladder Symptoms: In severe cases, patients may experience bladder or bowel dysfunction, indicating the need for surgical intervention.

Diagnosis of Spinal Stenosis

Diagnosis begins with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. Doctors look for signs of nerve compression, sensory abnormalities, irregular reflexes, and muscle weakness.

Imaging Tests:

• MRI: The most commonly used imaging test, MRI provides detailed images of the spine, including soft tissues, nerves, and ligaments, helping to identify the cause of nerve compression.
• CT Myelogram: This test may be utilized when MRI is not possible, involving a spinal tap and the injection of dye to visualize the spinal canal through X-ray and CT scans.

Treatment Options

A multimodal approach is recommended for treating spinal stenosis:

1. Physical Therapy: Techniques such as heat therapy, deep tissue massage, and stretching exercises can alleviate symptoms.
2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants may help manage pain.
3. Epidural Injections: Lumbar epidural injections containing local anesthetics and steroids can provide short-term relief and can be repeated as needed.
4. Neuropathic Pain Medications: Anticonvulsants (e.g., Lyrica, Neurontin) and antidepressants (e.g., Cymbalta) can help manage nerve pain.
5. Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Find Relief at California Sports & Spine Institute

If you're experiencing symptoms of spinal stenosis, don’t hesitate to seek help. At the California Sports & Spine Institute, we specialize in diagnosing and treating spinal conditions with a focus on minimally invasive techniques and personalized care.

Contact Us

• Arcadia Location: 51 N. 5th Ave Suite B, Arcadia, CA 91006 | (818) 338-6860 | (626) 460-1096
• Glendale Location: 317 S Brand Blvd Suite A-104, Glendale, CA 91204 | (818) 338-6860 | (626) 460-1096
• Palmdale Location: 41210 11th Street West, Suite K, Palmdale, CA 93551 | (626) 389-3893 | (626) 460-1096

Your path to relief begins with us. Contact our offices today to schedule a consultation and learn more about your treatment options.